Circular RNAs and thyroid cancer: Closed molecules, open possibilities.

Thyroid neoplasms requiring differential diagnosis between thyroid cancer and benign tumors can be detected in more than half of the healthy population. A generally accepted method that allows assessing the risk of malignant potential and determining the indications for surgical treatment of thyroid tumor is a fine-needle aspiration biopsy followed by a cytological examination. Nevertheless, in patients with indeterminate categories of cytological conclusions according to Bethesda system, the positive predictive value of the cytology result is significantly lower than desired and often leads to unjustified surgical treatment.

[Clinical practice guidelines for acute and chronic thyroiditis (excluding autoimmune thyroiditis)].

Acute and chronic thyroid diseases are the most frequently detected disorders being second only to diabetes mellitus.The World Health Organization points out that thyroid diseases' incidence tends to grow every year. The present paper consists of clinical practice guidelines that consider etiology, clinical course, diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory thyroid diseases (except those of autoimmune type).

[The role of molecular testing in thyroid tumors].

¹I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; ²Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine gland cancer.

[Primary hyperaldosteronism: difficulties in diagnosis].

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) - is the clinical syndrome, results from autonomous of the major regulators of secretion, aldosterone overproduction by a tumorous or hyperplastic tissue in adrenal cortex. Being the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension, PA may be represented by disorders with unilateral or bilateral aldosterone overproduction and differential diagnosis between them is crucial for choosing a right therapeutic approache: lifelong medical therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists or unilateral adrenalectomy. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is currently the «gold standard» test for identifying laterality of excess hormone production, unlike imaging tests, sensitivity and specificity of which is not enough, due to inability to evaluate functional activity with confidence, and also to limitations in detecting tiny abnormalities of adrenals, such as microadenoma or hyperplasia.

[Limitation of possibilities of cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer at the pre-surgery stage].

Aim Of Study: A comparison of papillary cancer variants diagnosed on the basis of cytological findings of pre-surgery puncture biopsies with a histological variant of papillary cancer.

Materials And Methods: The findings of two experts specializing in cytological diagnostics of thyroid nodules that diagnosed a possible variant of papillary cancer were compared with histological findings based on the study of material from surgically removed neoplasms.

Results: It was shown that the cytological examination at the pre-surgery stage has significant limitations in diagnosing the histological variant of the tumor, despite high sensitivity of method in diagnosing papillary cancer in general.