Artificial intelligence in food and nutrition evidence: The challenges and opportunities.

Science-informed decisions are best guided by the objective synthesis of the totality of evidence around a particular question and assessing its trustworthiness through systematic processes. However, there are major barriers and challenges that limit science-informed food and nutrition policy, practice, and guidance. First, insufficient evidence, primarily due to acquisition cost of generating high-quality data, and the complexity of the diet-disease relationship.

Risk factors of COVID-19 related hospitalization of pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Among adults who develop Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), those with rheumatic diseases (RDs) have similar hospitalization rates compared with those without RDs. Similar comparisons are lacking in children, due to the overall rarity of COVID-19-related hospitalization in this population. We aimed to examine the risk factors for COVID-19-related hospitalization in pediatric patients with RDs.

Host-specific viral predation network on coral reefs.

Viral infections are major modulators of marine microbial community assembly and biogeochemical cycling. In coral reefs, viral lysis controls bacterial overgrowth that is detrimental to coral health. However, methodological limitations have prevented the identification of viral hosts and quantification of their interaction frequencies.

Functionally important binding site for a volatile anesthetic in a voltage-gated sodium channel identified by X-ray crystallography.

Volatile general anesthetics are used for inhalational anesthesia in hundreds of millions of surgical procedures annually, yet their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Membrane proteins involved in cell signaling are major targets for anesthetics, and voltage-gated ion channels that mediate neurotransmission, movement, and cognition are sensitive to volatile anesthetics (VAs). In many cases, the effects produced by VAs on mammalian ion channels are reproduced in prokaryotic orthologues, providing an opportunity to investigate VA interactions at high resolution using these structurally simpler prokaryotic proteins.

Effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in Black patients versus White patients in a US national health system: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Black patients were severely under-represented in the clinical trials that led to the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for all cancers. The aim of this study was to characterise the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in Black patients.

Methods: We did a retrospective cohort study of patients in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system's Corporate Data Warehouse containing electronic medical records for all patients who self-identified as non-Hispanic Black or African American (referred to as Black) or non-Hispanic White (referred to as White) and received PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, or LAG-3 inhibitors between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2023.