Publications by authors named "B M Eley"
High incidence of tuberculosis in young children living with HIV in the Western Cape, South Africa.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
January 2025
Background: Data on tuberculosis (TB) incidence and risk factors among children living with HIV (CLHIV) in the universal ART era are limited.
Methods: We analysed routinely-collected data on TB diagnoses for CLHIV age ≤5 years, born 2018-2022, in the Westen Cape, South Africa. We examined factors associated with TB diagnosis, with death and loss to follow-up as competing events.
Article Synopsis
- Recent advancements in HIV prevention highlight the effectiveness of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), particularly in the context of new anti-seizure medications (ASMs) that have emerged since 2012.
- The review discusses the potential drug interactions between PrEP/PEP and various ASMs, particularly focusing on enzyme-inducing ASMs that may lower the effectiveness of tenofovir-containing treatments, as well as the impact of ritonavir on lamotrigine levels.
- Clinicians are encouraged to be aware of these interactions and side effects, such as osteopenia and gastrointestinal issues, to provide better care for patients who might be at risk for both seizures and HIV infection.
Objective: We studied the transition to dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV treatment clinics within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).
Design: Site-level survey conducted in 2020-2021 among HIV clinics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Methods: We assessed the status of dolutegravir rollout and viral load and drug resistance testing practices for persons on ART switching to dolutegravir-based regimens.
This study describes ceftazidime-avibactam use in 17 young children from a resource-constrained country, where intra-abdominal infection was common. All-cause mortality was 53%. Earlier initiation, dose optimization, recording infusion times, and reviewing the need for additional antibiotics were identified as easy-to-implement-antimicrobial-stewardship interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegration and validation of host transcript signatures, including a novel 3-transcript tuberculosis signature, to enable one-step multiclass diagnosis of childhood febrile disease.
J Transl Med
August 2024
Background: Whole blood host transcript signatures show great potential for diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory illness, with most published signatures performing binary classification tasks. Barriers to clinical implementation include validation studies, and development of strategies that enable simultaneous, multiclass diagnosis of febrile illness based on gene expression.
Methods: We validated five distinct diagnostic signatures for paediatric infectious diseases in parallel using a single NanoString nCounter® experiment.