The validity of the sphygmomanometer for shoulder strength assessment in amateur rugby union players.

Objectives: To determine the concurrent validity of a sphygmomanometer for assessing shoulder strength in the I, Y and T positions during the athletic shoulder test (ASH test). Force platforms were used as the gold standard measurement tool for this purpose.

Design: Shoulder strength was assessed using force platforms and a sphygmomanometer, both placed on the floor and the participant positioned prone.

Return-to-Play Practices Following Hamstring Injury: A Worldwide Survey of 131 Premier League Football Teams.

Purpose: Return-to-play (RTP) is an on-going challenge in professional football. Return-to-play related research is increasing. However, it is unknown to what extent the recommendations presented within research are being implemented by professional football teams, and where there are gaps between research and practice.

The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test: reliability of a novel upper body isometric strength test in elite rugby players.

Objectives: Lower limb isometric tests are used to assess strength and strength asymmetries and monitor reductions in muscle force that may contribute to loss of performance and increase injury risk. Isometric tests in the upper body may be appropriate to monitor neuromuscular performance of the shoulder joint in sports involving contact and overhead actions. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of a novel upper body isometric strength test.

Delayed treatment of secondary degeneration following acute optic nerve transection using a combination of ion channel inhibitors.

Studies have shown that a combined application of several ion channel inhibitors immediately after central nervous system injury can inhibit secondary degeneration. However, for clinical use, it is necessary to determine how long after injury the combined treatment of several ion channel inhibitors can be delayed and efficacy maintained. In this study, we delivered Ca entry-inhibiting P2X7 receptor antagonist oxidized-ATP and AMPA receptor antagonist YM872 to the optic nerve injury site an iPRECIO pump immediately, 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after partial optic nerve transection surgery.