Psychophysiological biomarkers to assess the effectiveness of surface electromyography biofeedback as an alternative therapy to reduce chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

The prevalence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among the Pakistani population is reported to be as high as 78%, leading towards different physiological and psychosocial alterations, with the worst cases suffering from disabilities. This study protocol will be a randomised controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of biofeedback surface electromyography (sEMG) for CLBP in the Pakistani population. This will be a single-centre study to be conducted on patients with CLBP randomised into two groups, namely, Group A (intervention group) and Group B (control group) to receive biofeedback sEMG therapy as an intervention or no intervention, respectively.

Teprotumumab versus intravenous methylprednisolone in thyroid eye disease: A systematic review.

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disorder caused due to a complex interplay between autoantigens including the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. TED is characterized by progressive proptosis or diplopia. This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of the newer monoclonal antibody - teprotumumab and intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in TED patients.

Distal median nerve dysfunction and carpal tunnel syndrome in people with multiple sclerosis treated with teriflunomide: an electrodiagnostic study.

Background: Trials demonstrated an increased risk of distal median nerve dysfunction (DMND) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) associated with teriflunomide in people with multiple (pwMS).

Objective: To estimate the real-world prevalence of clinical CTS and electrodiagnostic DMND in teriflunomide-treated pwMS.

Methods: Cross-sectional study on selected teriflunomide (WHOATC code: L04AK02)-treated, risk factor-free pwMS at the Isfahan MS clinic in 2022.

How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?

Vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, saving millions of lives each year by preventing a variety of infectious diseases. Yet, despite global vaccination efforts, emerging research highlights significant geographical disparities in vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity. These variations underscore the critical interplay between immunological factors and environmental, genetic, and nutritional elements across different populations.