Variations of the digastric muscle and accessory bellies - A study of gross anatomic dissections.

Objective: Variations of the bellies of the digastric muscle is reported for a long time and is not uncommon. However, there is still not a full consensus about the classifications and many different types of variations. The aim of this study was to examine the variations of the digastric muscle on cadaver dissections and to create a pictorial collection of variations related to present-day by combining with existing knowledge.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite and octenidine hydrochloride in vitro.

The objective of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and octenidine hydrochloride (OCT) in different concentrations against endodontic pathogens in vitro. Agar diffusion procedure was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the tested materials. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and the mixture of these were used for this study.

In vitro activities of voriconazole as a triazole derivative and caspofungin as an echinocandin were compared with those of some antifungal agents against Candida species isolated from clinical specimens.

We evaluated the in vitro activity of ketoconazole (KET), fluconazole (FLU), amphotericin B (AmpB), and flucytosine (FCU) in comparison to voriconazole (VOR) as a triazole derivative and caspofungin (CAS) as an echinocandin against 114 Candida spp. isolated from different cultures (blood, urine, sputum). The most common species of identified Candida were C.

Preputial bacterial colonisation in preschool and primary school children.

Objectives: Preputial bacterial colonisation was investigated in preschool and primary school children with and without phimosis before the circumcision procedure.

Method: The study group consisted of 32 boys admitted to our clinic consecutively between June 2003 and September 2003 for circumcision. The indication for surgery was religious belief in all patients.

Memory impairment in patients with cirrhosis.

Background And Aim: Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhotic patients is usually characterized by memory impairment and psychomotor slowing. Our aim was to investigate memory status in cirrhotic patients with and without clinically overt HE.

Material And Methods: Thirty-two cirrhotic patients (10 female and 22 male) aged 49 +/- 17 years and 20 healthy subjects (six female and 14 male) aged 46 +/- 12 years were included in the study.