Neuronal parts list and wiring diagram for a visual system.

A catalogue of neuronal cell types has often been called a 'parts list' of the brain, and regarded as a prerequisite for understanding brain function. In the optic lobe of Drosophila, rules of connectivity between cell types have already proven to be essential for understanding fly vision. Here we analyse the fly connectome to complete the list of cell types intrinsic to the optic lobe, as well as the rules governing their connectivity.

Conformational preferences of cocoa oligomeric proanthocyanidins and their influence on polarity.

Proanthocyanidins (OPACs) are the second largest class of plant metabolites after lignans. Although knowledge of their 3D conformations would add greatly to our understanding of their biological properties, very little has been published on the conformations of OPACs with a degree of polymerization (DP) above 4. We investigated the conformations of the linear epicatechin oligomers, prominent representatives of OPACs prevalent in apples and cocoa, where the epicatechin units are interconnected through the 4β-8 bonds.

The Use of National Cancer Registry Data for Breast Cancer Family History Assessment in Premenopausal Women.

: Population-based cancer registries are the best source of information to measure cancer burden. However, little is done to use this information for individual cancer risk assessment. In this study, we aimed at identifying women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer using data on family history of cancer from the Israel national cancer registry.

Comprehensive mutational scanning of EGFR reveals TKI sensitivities of extracellular domain mutants.

The epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, is frequently activated in lung cancer and glioblastoma by genomic alterations including missense mutations. The different mutation spectra in these diseases are reflected in divergent responses to EGFR inhibition: significant patient benefit in lung cancer, but limited in glioblastoma. Here, we report a comprehensive mutational analysis of EGFR function.