A projection-based reformulation of the coincident site lattice Σ for arbitrary bicrystals at finite temperature.

The coincident site lattice and, specifically, the `Σ value' of a grain boundary are a ubiquitous metric for experimental classification of grain boundaries. However, the mathematical nature of Σ - a pathological function taking values of either an integer or infinity - has been relatively unexplored. This work presents a framework for interpreting Σ as the inverse of a projection defined using the standard L inner product over continuous fields that represent lattices.

Cholera toxin potentiates TPA-induced mitogenesis and c-fos expression in BALB/c-3T3-derived proadipocytes.

Treatment of quiescent density-arrested A31T6 proadipocytes with medium supplemented with either 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), insulin, or cholera toxin alone did not stimulate G0/G1 traverse and initiation of DNA synthesis. Combinations of either TPA and cholera toxin or insulin and cholera toxin caused a small stimulation of proliferation. Addition of medium supplemented with TPA and insulin caused a marked stimulation of cell cycle traverse which was significantly potentiated by the coaddition of cholera toxin.

Thyroid function in a healthy elderly population: implications for clinical evaluation.

Evaluation of thyroid function in elderly people is complex and has generated some controversy about what is normal. This study analyzed thyroid function assays in an identified healthy elderly population of 216 subjects. Thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, T3 uptake, "supersensitive" thyrotropin, and thyroid antibody titers were performed.