Continuous Monitoring of Lithium Ions in Lithium-Rich Brine Using Ion Selective Electrode Sensors Modified with Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate).

Monitoring lithium ions (Li) in lithium-rich brine (LrB) is critical for metal recovery, yet challenges such as high ionic strength and gypsum-induced surface deterioration hinder the performance of potentiometric ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors. This study advances the functionality of Li ISE sensors and enables continuous monitoring of Li concentration in LrB by introducing apolyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) of poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PAH/PSS) that serves as an antigypsum scaling material to minimize nucleation on the sensor surface. With 5.

Laser patterning captured in real-time: surface modifications of multilayer thin-films under nanosecond laser heating.

Controlled wrinkle formation has attracted intensive research interest as a means to modify surface properties. However, most of the currently explored methods rely on mechanically stretching polymer substrates with hard surface coatings, and the application of these methods to different materials is limited. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate laser-assisted periodic wrinkle formation on silicon nitride (SiN) membranes that are coated with titanium (Ti)/nickel (Ni) multilayers.

Defeating depolarizing fields with artificial flux closure in ultrathin ferroelectrics.

Material surfaces encompass structural and chemical discontinuities that often lead to the loss of the property of interest in so-called dead layers. It is particularly problematic in nanoscale oxide electronics, where the integration of strongly correlated materials into devices is obstructed by the thickness threshold required for the emergence of their functionality. Here we report the stabilization of ultrathin out-of-plane ferroelectricity in oxide heterostructures through the design of an artificial flux-closure architecture.

XFEL Microcrystallography of Self-Assembling Silver -Alkanethiolates.

New synthetic hybrid materials and their increasing complexity have placed growing demands on crystal growth for single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Unfortunately, not all chemical systems are conducive to the isolation of single crystals for traditional characterization. Here, small-molecule serial femtosecond crystallography (smSFX) at atomic resolution (0.

Accelerated absorption of regular insulin administered via a vascularizing permeable microchamber implanted subcutaneously in diabetic Rattus norvegicus.

In Type 1 diabetes patients, even ultra-rapid acting insulins injected subcutaneously reach peak concentrations in 45 minutes or longer. The lag time between dosing and peak concentration, as well as intra- and inter-subject variability, render prandial glucose control and dose consistency difficult. We postulated that insulin absorption from subcutaneously implantable vascularizing microchambers would be significantly faster than conventional subcutaneous injection.