Assessment of Female Genital Surgery Education in Plastic Surgery Training: Report of an Expert Opinion Survey.

Background: Patient demand for aesthetic genital surgery has markedly increased. The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reported 95,010 labiaplasties and 50,086 vaginal rejuvenation procedures in 2015.

Methods: We performed an online anonymous survey to evaluate the teaching of female genital procedures in plastic surgery training programs worldwide.

Species and site contributions to β-diversity in fleas parasitic on the Palearctic small mammals: ecology, geography and host species composition matter the most.

The β-diversity of fleas parasitic on small mammals in 45 regions of the Palearctic was partitioned into species [species contributions to β-diversity (SCBD)] and site ( = assemblage) contributions [local contributions to β-diversity (LCBD)]. We asked what are the factors affecting SCBD and LCBD and tested whether (a) variation in ecological, morphological, life history and geographic traits of fleas can predict SCBD and (b) variation in flea and host community metrics, off-host environmental factors, host species composition of flea assemblages can predict LCBD. We used spatial variables to describe geographic distribution of flea assemblages with various LCBD values.

[FLEAS (SIPHONAPTERA) OF MAMMALS AND BIRDS IN THE CISCAUCASIA].

Flea fauna of Ciscaucasia is represented by 76 species, 13 of which are associated with birds and all the other with mammals. Rodent parasites are most numerous; fleas associated with predators, bats and insectivora are less abundant. Fleas parasitize on different species of birds of the orders Passeriformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, and Strigiformes.

"The Chignon Mastopexy": A Double Glandular Suspended Flaps for an Auto-Augmentation Effect.

Background: Many mastopexy techniques have been described in the literature focusing on the new nipple areolar complex position and the breast deflation treatment, but only few of them detailed the glandular volume redistribution to avoid the use of implants. We describe a mastopexy procedure that brings the maximum of the volume to the central part of the breast. We compare the procedure to a "chignon" hair style way to vulgarize the technique and simplify its comprehension.