Frequency and effectiveness of self-care actions and menopause symptoms of middle-aged working women.

A sample of working women (462) was surveyed to determine the frequency and effectiveness of menopause-specific symptoms and self-care actions. Perimenopause women were more symptomatic than the pre or postmenopause women. The most frequently used and effective self-care actions were to control vasomotor symptoms.

Managers' ability to perform: individual and collective assessment findings.

Changes in role responsibilities, organizational relationships and mix of professional and non-licensed personnel have increased the need for well prepared managers who can be effective in new work environments. Because such individuals are not readily available, identification of potential managers and development of incumbents are crucial. This article describes how four hospitals used the same unique assessment system to identify the strengths and limitations of 116 managers, the implications of their findings, and subsequent interventions.