Double-Edge Effects of Leucine on Cancer Cells.

Leucine is an essential amino acid that cannot be produced endogenously in the human body and therefore needs to be obtained from dietary sources. Leucine plays a pivotal role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis, along with isoleucine and valine, as the group of branched-chain amino acids, making them one of the most popular dietary supplements for athletes and gym-goers. The individual effects of leucine, however, have not been fully clarified, as most of the studies so far have focused on the grouped effects of branched-chain amino acids.

Evaluation of Biochemical Serum Markers for the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Obese Women in Kazakhstan: Is Anti-Müllerian Hormone a Potential Marker?

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition that affects 8-13% of women of reproductive age. In Kazakhstan, the prevalence of this syndrome is particularly high compared with other countries and the global average. Currently, the diagnosis of PCOS is based on internationally established Rotterdam criteria, using hyperandrogenism as a key parameter.

Vitamin D in Central Nervous System: Implications for Neurological Disorders.

Vitamin D, obtained from diet or synthesized internally as cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol, influences bodily functions through its most active metabolite and the vitamin D receptor. Recent research has uncovered multiple roles for vitamin D in the central nervous system, impacting neural development and maturation, regulating the dopaminergic system, and controlling the synthesis of neural growth factors. This review thoroughly examines these connections and investigates the consequences of vitamin D deficiency in neurological disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.

Origin and evolution of subtype B variants in the former Soviet Union countries.

Contrary to the global trend, between 2010 and 2020, an increase of 43% new HIV infections was recorded in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Analyses of phylogenetic relationship, and routes and modes of transmission of the HIV-1 subtype B across the former Soviet Union (FSU) region are currently lacking. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the origin and transmission routes of HIV subtype B in FSU countries.

Neuroprotective and anti-epileptic potentials of genus Artemisia L.

The Genus Artemisia L. is one of the largest genera in the Asteraceae family growing wild over in Europe, North America, and Central Asia and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Phytochemical and psychopharmacological studies indicated that the genus Artemisia extracts contain various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitumor activity.