An anatomical study of the nasal foramina.

Purpose: The nasal foramen is located in the nasal bone and for vessels passage to supply the nasal area. This project aimed to establish reliable references for the nasal foramina for future clinical applications.

Methods: The 72 dried skulls, 46 from the Division of Anatomy, University of Phayao, Thailand, and 26 from the Tulane University School of Medicine, USA, were collected and examined.

Anatomy of mamillo-accessory foramen and prevalence of ossified mamillo-accessory ligament in lumbar vertebrae related to age.

Purpose: Ossification of the mamillo-accessory ligament (MAL) results in the formation of a mamillo-accessory foramen (MAF), which is associated with aging. The MAL tethers the medial branches of the lumbar dorsal rami to the lumbar vertebrae. A MAL ossified at the lumbar vertebrae can cause low back pain by compressing the medial branch of a dorsal ramus.

Proteomic association with age-dependent sex differences in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in healthy Thai subjects.

Sex differences in cognitive function exist, but they are not stable and undergo dynamic change during the lifespan. However, our understanding of how sex-related neural information transmission evolves with age is still in its infancy. This study utilized the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the label-free proteomics method with bioinformatic analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related sex differences in cognitive performance in 199 healthy Thai subjects (aged 20-70 years), as well as explore the sex-dependent protein complexes for predicting cognitive aging.

Cholinergic-estrogen interaction is associated with the effect of education on attenuating cognitive sex differences in a Thai healthy population.

The development of human brain is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. Sex differences in cognitive function have been found in humans as a result of sexual dimorphism in neural information transmission. Numerous studies have reported the positive effects of education on cognitive functions.

Topographical study of scapular foramina and scapular nutrient foramina in dried skeletons.

Purpose: The aim of our study is to study the prevalence and anatomy of scapular foramina (SF) and scapular nutrient foramina (SNF) in dried skeletons from the Northeastern Thai population.

Methods: A total of 150 dried scapulae were investigated. Both SF and SNF were identified using a metal wire with a diameter of 0.