Differentiating Closely Resembling Fetal Aortic Arch Abnormalities Using Conventional and Four-Dimensional Echocardiography: A Pictorial Essay With Postnatal Outcomes.

Double aortic arch with an atretic left aortic arch can resemble like a right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery or a right aortic arch with mirror image branching. Differentiating these closely resembling fetal aortic arch abnormalities is important for proper prenatal counselling and immediate neonatal evaluation. In this pictorial essay, we describe these three cases and its typical imaging features using conventional and four-dimensional echocardiography.

Utility of the novel fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) technique in diagnosing ventricular interdependence and biventricular dysfunction in a case of prenatally diagnosed Uhl's anomaly.

Uhl's anomaly is characterized by complete or partial absence of right ventricular myocardium. We describe a case of prenatally diagnosed Uhl's anomaly with biventricular dysfunction which was quantified with speckle tracking echocardiography using a novel fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) technique.

Four-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging of Spatial Relationship of Great Arteries in Fetuses With Transposition of Great Arteries.

The great artery relationship in transposition of great arteries (TGA) is based on the degree of resorption and growth of subsemilunar conus. In transposition of great arteries, the spatial relationship of the great arteries can be variable. Commonly, the aorta will be related right and anterior to pulmonary artery (D-TGA).

Three-dimensional high-definition live tissue virtual dissection of mirror-image dextrocardia with thoracic-abdominal discordance in a fetus.

Three-dimensional virtual dissection using high-definition live tissue rendering ultrasound tool of a 23-week gestation fetus with situs solitus, mirror image dextrocardia, ventricular septal defect, aortic override, and pulmonary atresia.