Normative modeling of brain MRI data identifies small subcortical volumes and associations with cognitive function in youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

Aim: To quantify regional subcortical brain volume anomalies in youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), assess the relative sensitivity and specificity of abnormal volumes in FASD vs. a comparison group, and examine associations with cognitive function.

Method: Participants: 47 children with FASD and 39 typically-developing comparison participants, ages 8-17 years, who completed physical evaluations, cognitive and behavioral testing, and an MRI brain scan.

Racial and ethnic disparities in psychological care for individuals with FASD: a dis/ability studies and critical race theory perspective toward improving prevention, assessment/diagnosis, and intervention.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and substantially impact public health. FASD can affect people of all races and ethnicities; however, there are important racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-exposed pregnancy prevention, assessment and diagnosis of FASD, and interventions to support individuals with FASD and their families. In this article we use the Dis/Ability Studies and Critical Race Theory (Dis/Crit) framework to structure the exploration of disparities and possible solutions within these three areas (prevention, diagnosis, intervention).

Normative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Increase the Sensitivity to Brain Volume Abnormalities in the Classification of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: To evaluate the use of a large magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) normative dataset to quantify structural brain anomalies that may improve diagnostic sensitivity for atypical brain volume in youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

Study Design: Participants included 48 children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and 43 controls, ages 8-17 years, from the longitudinal Collaborative Initiative on FASD s. Recently published lifespan brain charts were used to quantify participants' (per)centile for brain volumes (cortical and subcortical gray matter and cortical white matter), providing an index of (dis)similarity to typically developing individuals of the same age and sex.

Atypical developmental trajectories of white matter microstructure in prenatal alcohol exposure: Preliminary evidence from neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging.

Introduction: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a life-long condition resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), is associated with structural brain anomalies and neurobehavioral differences. Evidence from longitudinal neuroimaging suggest trajectories of white matter microstructure maturation are atypical in PAE. We aimed to further characterize longitudinal trajectories of developmental white matter microstructure change in children and adolescents with PAE compared to typically-developing Controls using diffusion-weighted Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI).

Delayed cortical thinning in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure.

Background: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with abnormalities in cortical structure and maturation, including cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume, and surface area. This study provides a longitudinal context for the developmental trajectory and timing of abnormal cortical maturation in PAE.

Methods: We studied 35 children with PAE and 30 nonexposed typically developing children (Comparisons), aged 8-17 at enrollment, who were recruited from the University of Minnesota FASD Program.