Antimicrobial and Toxicity Evaluation of Imidazolium-Based Dicationic Ionic Liquids with Dicarboxylate Anions.

Imidazolium-based dicationic ILs (DILs) presenting antimicrobial activity and relatively low toxicity are highly desirable and are envisioned for use in live tissue to prevent bacterial or fungal infections. In this context, we present here DILs with dicarboxylate anions [C(MIM)[C(MIM)][CO-(CH)CO], in which = 4, 6, 8, and 10, and m = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The results showed that DILs with an alkyl chain spacer of ten carbons were active against yeasts and the bacterial strains tested.

[Psychosomatic medicine and transplant patients - what is known and what is needed].

Psychosomatic research has resulted in a huge pool of data concerning the psychic state of transplant patients and their relatives during the course of organ transplantation. It has been possible as well to describe important psychosocial prognostic factors, influencing both somatic and psychosocial outcome after transplantation. The following review article gives an overview of the results that are relevant to daily psychosomatic practice in transplantation medicine.

[Patients with diabetes mellitus: psychosocial stress and use of psychosocial support: a multicenter study].

Background: In a multicenter study the association of psychosocial stress and the use of psychosocial support in patients with diabetes mellitus was evaluated.

Patients And Method: In a sample of 410 patients with diabetes mellitus (Type I: n 157, Type II: n = 253) stress in different facets of daily life was assessed using the revised Questionnaire on Stress in Patients with Diabetes (QSD-R). Self-constructed items were used to assess the use of psychosocial support during the course of the illness.

[The subjective element in transplantation medicine. The importance of psychosocial indicators in transplantation and their effect on the quality of life].

The importance of psychosocial indicators for the course and the evaluation of organ transplantation is being more and more recognized. The following paper tries to point out what should be, at the present, the "state of the art" in psychosocial evaluation and quality of life measurement in organ transplantation.

[Psychosomatic medicine and transplantation medicine. Cooperation is useful and necessary].

Transplantation represents a breaching of the bodily integrity of the patient, and can lead to anxiety, depression and an identity problem. In the post-transplantation phase also, the patient undergoes further stress associated with check examinations and treatment. Standardized surveys show that the fear of graft rejection remains with the patient for the rest of his/her life.