Development and feasibility of a modified Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment for telerehabilitation: a pilot study.

Background: The majority of stroke survivors experience motor impairment which benefits from rehabilitation treatment. Telerehabilitation, remote delivery of rehabilitation services, is a possible solution providing access to rehabilitation for stroke survivors living in rural areas or in situations like the COVID-19 pandemic where face-to-face treatment may be risky. However, valid and reliable motor impairment measures have not yet been established over a telerehabilitation platform.

Facile synthesis of 11-carboxamido-androst-4,9(11)-dienes via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation.

11-Carboxamido-androst-4,9(11)-dienes were synthesized from the corresponding 11-iodo-androst-4,9(11)-diene derivative in palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction under mild reaction conditions. The synthesis of the iodo-alkene substrate is based on the transformation of the 11-keto derivative to hydrazone, which was treated with iodine in the presence of a base (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine). The 11-carboxamides were synthesized in moderate to high isolated yields by using simple alkyl/arylamines or amino acid methylesters as N-nucleophiles.

Changes in PACAP levels in the central nervous system after ovariectomy and castration.

The aim of the present article was to investigate the influence of gonadectomy on pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) levels in different brain areas. In males, there seems to be an inverse relationship between gonadotropins and PACAP in the brain in the acute phase of castration: PACAP levels decreased in almost all brain areas examined within the first week after castration. In females, such pattern was observed in the hypothalamus, brain stem, and temporal cortex.

Short-term fasting differentially alters PACAP and VIP levels in the brains of rat and chicken.

The present article investigated the levels of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the brains of rats and chickens 12, 36, and 84 h after starvation. PACAP levels increased in both species, 12 h after food deprivation in rats, and with a 24-h delay in chickens. VIP levels showed a more complex pattern: a gradual increase in the hypothalamus and telencephalon, and a significant decrease in the brain stem of rats.

Presence of PACAP and VIP in embryonic chicken brain.

The aim of the present article was to investigate the occurrence and temporary changes of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in various brain areas of chicken embryos by means of radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations of PACAP-38 were measured in the brain stem followed by the hypothalamus, cerebellum, and telencephalon. PACAP-38 levels were significantly higher than those of VIP in all examined brain areas.