The Role of Innate Priming in Modifying Tumor-associated Macrophage Phenotype.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are innate immune cells that exert far reaching influence over the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on cues within the local environment, TAMs may promote tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell invasion and immunosuppression, or, alternatively, inhibit tumor progression via neoantigen presentation, tumoricidal reactive oxygen species generation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Therefore, TAMs have a pivotal role in determining tumor progression and response to therapy.

Blood Vitamin C Levels of Patients Receiving Immunotherapy and Relationship to Monocyte Subtype and Epigenetic Modification.

The treatment of metastatic melanoma has been revolutionised by immunotherapy, yet a significant number of patients do not respond, and many experience autoimmune adverse events. Associations have been reported between patient outcome and monocyte subsets, whereas vitamin C (ascorbate) has been shown to mediate changes in cancer-stimulated monocytes in vitro. We therefore investigated the relationship of ascorbate with monocyte subsets and epigenetic modifications in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving immunotherapy.

Magnetic susceptibility of alkali-tetracyanoquinodimethane salts and extended Hubbard models with bond order and charge density wave phases.

The molar spin susceptibilities χ(T) of Na-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), K-TCNQ, and Rb-TCNQ(II) are fit quantitatively to 450 K in terms of half-filled bands of three one-dimensional Hubbard models with extended interactions using exact results for finite systems. All three models have bond order wave (BOW) and charge density wave (CDW) phases with boundary V = V(c)(U) for nearest-neighbor interaction V and on-site repulsion U. At high T, all three salts have regular stacks of TCNQ(-) anion radicals.

Neutral and charged excited states in polar organic films: origin of unusual electroluminescence in tri-p-tolylamine-based hole conductors.

The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) of thin films of 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) are remarkably different. Similar PL and EL are instead observed in films of the closely related donors tri- p-tolylamine (TTA) and N, N'-diphenyl- N, N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (TPD). Such films show a wide range of hole transport that depends on the morphology and on external parameters such as temperature and electric field.