Structure-guided design of a peripherally restricted chemogenetic system.

Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are chemogenetic tools for remotely controlling cellular signaling, neural activity, behavior, and physiology. Using a structure-guided approach, we provide a peripherally restricted Gi-DREADD, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor DREADD (HCAD), whose native receptor is minimally expressed in the brain, and a chemical actuator that does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This was accomplished by combined mutagenesis, analoging via an ultra-large make-on-demand library, structural determination of the designed DREADD receptor via cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), and validation of HCAD function.

Advancing dermoscopy through a synthetic hair benchmark dataset and deep learning-based hair removal.

Significance: Early detection of melanoma is crucial for improving patient outcomes, and dermoscopy is a critical tool for this purpose. However, hair presence in dermoscopic images can obscure important features, complicating the diagnostic process. Enhancing image clarity by removing hair without compromising lesion integrity can significantly aid dermatologists in accurate melanoma detection.

Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Management of Male Infertility, a Scoping Review.

Purpose Of Review: Infertility impacts one in six couples worldwide, with male infertility contributing to approximately half of these cases. However, the causes of infertility remain incompletely understood, and current methods of clinical management are cost-restrictive, time-intensive, and have limited success. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help address some of these challenges.

Polarization modulated spectroscopic ellipsometry-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for E. coli K12 detection.

In this work, we report on the application of the polarization modulated spectroscopic ellipsometry-based surface plasmon resonance method for sensitive detection of microorganisms in Kretschmann configuration. So far, rotating analyzer and single wavelength polarization modulation methods have widely been investigated for phase sensitive surface plasmon resonance measurement. In this study, a much simpler optical setup relying on fast electro-optic phase modulator crystals is introduced for bacteria detection.