Modulation of the gait deficit in arthritic rats by infusions of muscimol and bicuculline.

Gait analysis in the adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model of chronic pain was used to examine the role of GABA(A) receptors in the development of pain. Drug solutions were administered continuously at 5+/-0.75 microl/h for 14 days via Alzet osmotic pumps (2ML2) placed under the skin of the back.

Gait analysis as a correlate of pain induced by carrageenan intraplantar injection.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether gait changes occurring during the development of carrageenan induced rodent paw inflammation could be measured to provide an objective marker of persistent pain. The objectives were to measure hind limb tibiotarsal joint diameter as an indication of inflammatory oedema and to analyse gait during the development of the carrageenan induced persistent pain. Rear paw intraplantar injection of 6 mg (150 microl) lambda-carrageenan resulted in significant swelling of rear limbs at 90 min (P=0.

Gait analysis as an objective measure in a chronic pain model.

The aim of this study was to investigate objective characterisation of gait as a marker of the chronic pain of adjuvant arthritis (AA). Video recorded images of spontaneous rat ambulations were analysed to quantify various temporal and spatial parameters and compare these between the AA and control groups. Changes were also recorded after the administration of a single dose of buprenorphine (15 ?g).

Treatment of postoperative pain in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

We questioned 75 patients after inpatient oral and maxillofacial operations to find out how satisfied they were with the extent to which their pain had been controlled. Seventy (93%) had had postoperative pain. In 33 (47%), it was moderate and in 24 (34%), severe.

Behavioural measurement of postoperative pain after oral surgery.

The amount and type of postoperative analgesia prescribed depends on the clinician's judgement of the patient's need. Among other factors, this judgement is likely to be based on the patient's behaviour. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the validity of using behavioural measures to provide information about a patient's experience of pain during the early stages of recovery from oral surgery under general anaesthesia.