The HIV-1 R77Q Mutant Induces Apoptosis, G Cell Cycle Arrest, and Lower Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Human CD4+ T Cells.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs when HIV depletes CD4+ helper T cells. Some patients develop AIDS slowly or not at all, and are termed long-term non-progressors (LTNP), and while mutations in the HIV-1 Viral Protein R () gene such as R77Q are associated with LTNP, mechanisms for this correlation are unclear. This study examines the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the HUT78 T cell line following infection with replication-competent wild-type strain NL4-3, the R77Q mutant, or a Null mutant.

Characterizing the splice map of Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus.

Background: Hemorrhagic enteritis, caused by Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (THEV), is a disease affecting turkey poults characterized by immunosuppression and bloody diarrhea. An avirulent THEV strain that retains the immunosuppressive ability is used as a live vaccine. Characterizing the splice map of THEV is an essential step that would allow studies of individual genes mediating its immunosuppressive functions.

Strong site fidelity, residency and local behaviour of Atlantic cod () at two types of artificial reefs in an offshore wind farm.

Globally, biogenic temperate reefs are among the most threatened habitats. In the North Sea in particular, large shellfish reefs were lost owing to fishing activities in the 1900s. The impact of offshore wind farms (OWFs) on marine wildlife is extensive, and it offers the possibility to reintroduce new hard substrate habitats that are protected from fisheries at a large scale.

Beyond the double helix: the multifaceted landscape of extracellular DNA in biofilms.

forms biofilms consisting of cells embedded in a matrix made of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Biofilm-associated infections are difficult to treat and can promote antibiotic resistance, resulting in negative healthcare outcomes. eDNA within the matrix contributes to the stability, growth, and immune-evasive properties of biofilms.

Development of a machine learning detector for North Atlantic humpback whale song.

The study of humpback whale song using passive acoustic monitoring devices requires bioacousticians to manually review hours of audio recordings to annotate the signals. To vastly reduce the time of manual annotation through automation, a machine learning model was developed. Convolutional neural networks have made major advances in the previous decade, leading to a wide range of applications, including the detection of frequency modulated vocalizations by cetaceans.