[Regional comparison of specialized outpatient and (partial) inpatient pain medicine care in Germany].

Background And Objective: Chronic pain requires graduated and staged levels of care. The aim of this study is to provide a regional overview regarding the accessibility of specialized outpatient and (partial) inpatient pain medicine care from the patient's perspective in Germany.

Material And Methods: For 1000 model patients randomly generated from German postal code location combinations, the travelling time by car (individual transport, IT) and available public transport connections (PTC) to the nearest specialized outpatient and inpatient pain medicine clinics and units were assessed using a route planner.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid exposure leads to downregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 expression and upregulation of markers associated with intestinal carcinogenesis in mouse intestinal tissues.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a widely recognized environment pollutant known for its high bioaccumulation potential and a long elimination half-life. Several studies have shown that PFOS can alter multiple biological pathways and negatively affect human health. Considering the direct exposure to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to environmental pollutants, PFOS can potentially disrupt intestinal homeostasis.

C-Stable isotope resolved metabolomics uncovers dynamic biochemical landscape of gut microbiome-host organ communications in mice.

Background: Gut microbiome metabolites are important modulators of host health and disease. However, the overall metabolic potential of the gut microbiome and interactions with the host organs have been underexplored.

Results: Using stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) in mice orally gavaged with C-inulin (a tracer), we first observed dynamic enrichment of C-metabolites in cecum contents in the amino acids and short-chain fatty acid metabolism pathways.

[Antibiotic Prescription Rates For Respiratory Tract Infections Treated In The Outpatient Sector Based On Routine Data From A German Health Insurance Company].

Background: Acute uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common reasons for antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient sector, although>90% are of viral origins and mostly self-limiting. Germany has a low antibiotic prescription rate compared to other European countries, but there are regional differences. Disease-specific quality indicators (QI) developed by the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network (ESAC-Net) address the prescription rates (target <20%) and choice of antibiotic (target>80%) in a general practitioner population.