Microbiota transplant for hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: The THEMATIC trial.

Background: Preventing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in cirrhosis, which is associated with an altered gut-liver-brain axis, is an unmet need. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is beneficial in phase-1 studies, but route and dose-related questions remain.

Methods: We performed a phase-2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial of capsule and enema FMT in cirrhosis and HE on lactulose and rifaximin.

Structure of WzxE the lipid III flippase for Enterobacterial Common Antigen polysaccharide.

The enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is conserved in Gram-negative bacteria of the order although its function is debated. ECA biogenesis depends on the Wzx/Wzy-dependent strategy whereby the newly synthesized lipid-linked repeat units, lipid III, are transferred across the inner membrane by the lipid III flippase WzxE. WzxE is part of the Wzx family and required in many glycan assembly systems, but an understanding of its molecular mechanism is hindered due to a lack of structural evidence.

Targeting the CD74 signaling axis suppresses inflammation and rescues defective hematopoiesis in -familial platelet disorder.

Familial platelet disorder (FPD) is associated with germline mutations, establishing a preleukemic state and increasing the risk of developing leukemia. Currently, there are no intervention strategies to prevent leukemia progression. Single-cell RNA sequencing ( = 10) combined with functional analysis of samples from patients with -FPD ( > 75) revealed that FPD hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) displayed increased myeloid differentiation and suppressed megakaryopoiesis because of increased activation of prosurvival and inflammatory pathways.

A novel sweat sensor detects inflammatory differential rhythmicity patterns in inpatients and outpatients with cirrhosis.

Patients with cirrhosis have high systemic inflammation (TNFα, CRP, and IL-6) that is associated with poor outcomes. These biomarkers need continuous non-invasive monitoring, which is difficult with blood. We studied the AWARE sweat-sensor to measure these in passively expressed sweat in healthy people (N = 12) and cirrhosis (N = 32, 10 outpatients/22 inpatients) for 3 days.