The Effects of Anesthetics and Perioperative Medications on Immune Function: A Narrative Review.

Preclinical and clinical studies have sought to better understand the effect of anesthetic agents, both volatile and intravenous, and perioperative adjuvant medications on immune function. The immune system has evolved to incorporate both innate and adaptive components, which are delicately interwoven and essential for host defense from pathogens and malignancy. This review summarizes the complex and nuanced relationship that exists between each anesthetic agent or perioperative adjuvant medication studied and innate and adaptive immune function with resultant clinical implications.

Normal saline versus Normosol™-R in sepsis resuscitation: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine the effect of Normosol™-R as compared to normal saline on the outcomes of acute kidney injury and the need for renal replacement therapy in the resuscitation phase of sepsis.

Design: Our study is a retrospective before-and-after cohort study.

Setting: The study occurred at a 700-bed tertiary academic level 1-trauma center.

Primary tracheal hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma.

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas (HCCC), now referred to as clear cell carcinomas (CCC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), are rare tumors usually arising from the salivary glands of the head and neck. We present the first case of a CCC originating from the trachea. A 66 year-old woman with history of hypertension, former smoker, presented to the emergency department reporting worsening shortness of breath.

The role of mucoactive agents in the mechanically ventilated patient: a review of the literature.

The management of airway secretions in the mechanically ventilated patient is a routine task throughout all intensive care units. The current treatment strategies are primarily based on anecdotal experiences rather than statistical evidence. Areas covered: This review article evaluates the data from published trials surrounding mucoactive agents and their use in the critically ill patient population.