A novel record of African wild dogs () in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi.

Most African wild dog () populations are in decline and, due to habitat fragmentation and conflict rates in areas of higher anthropogenic land-use, are primarily restricted to protected areas. As a species that occurs at low densities, with a strict reproductive social structure, wild dogs rely on long-range dispersal to facilitate colonization, reproduction, and pack formation. In Malawi, large carnivores have been subject to widespread population decline and several protected areas have a reduced large carnivore guild, including the loss of resident wild dog populations.

Pattern of proliferative index (Ki-67) after anti-androgen manipulation reflects the ability of irradiation to control prostate cancer.

Anti-androgen (AA) therapy will cause hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and/or enter the resting phase of the cell cycle. Although the decrease of tumor burden would be an advantage for tumor control when irradiation is subsequently added, the cells in resting phase would seemingly be less vulnerable to the usual type of radiation-induced cell killing via DNA strand breakage. In this study of patients with prostate cancer, we examined the proliferative index via Ki-67 staining of biopsy material before, during, and after withdrawal of leuprolide.

Prostate-specific antigen-all that rises is not refractory.

After the initiation of androgen suppression in men with prostate cancer, the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level generally declines. A subsequent PSA rise during that suppression usually reflects the presence of a significant component of hormonally refractory prostate cancer. We report a patient with a rising PSA level and elevated testosterone level after depot leuprolide in whom the PSA level subsequently declined with administration of bicalutamide.