Bacterial intragenic inversions: a new layer of diversity.

DNA inversions in bacteria were known to create diversity through intergenic or partial intergenic changes. Now, Chanin, West, et al. reveal intragenic inversions, enabling single genes to encode multiple protein variants via sequence recoding or truncation - an unexpected mechanism for expanding protein diversity without increasing genome size.

Selective dorsal rhizotomy outcomes in mixed spasticity and dystonia cases.

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on dystonia and dystonic posture in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) presenting with mixed spasticity and dystonia.

Method: A prospective, single-centre study was conducted at a UK supra-regional centre from May 2013 to September 2022. All children with spasticity, dystonia and/or dystonic posture undergoing SDR were included.

Pentosan Polysulfate Maculopathy: Final Outcomes from a 4-Year Prospective Study of Disease Progression after Drug Cessation.

Purpose: To report the long-term disease course of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) maculopathy following drug cessation.

Design: Single-institution, prospective case series.

Methods: 23 eyes of 12 participants seen at the Emory Eye Center with a diagnosis of PPS maculopathy were included in our study.

Automated quantification of Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles in different soil types using RootPainter.

The manual counting of juveniles in enchytraeid soil toxicity tests is time-consuming, labour-intensive, repetitive, prone to subjectivity, but can potentially be automated through deep learning methods using convolutional neural networks. This study investigated if RootPainter can be used as a tool to automatically quantify Enchytraeus crypticus juveniles in toxicity tests using different soil types. Toxicity tests were performed following OECD guideline 220 using five different pesticides (two fungicides and three insecticides) and four different soil types (three OECD artificial soils and one natural LUFA 2.