A handheld fiber-optic tissue sensing device for spine surgery.

The demographic shift has increased the demand for surgical interventions to address age-related degenerative diseases, such as spinal fusion. Accurate placement of pedicle screws, crucial for successful spinal fusion, varies widely with physician experience. Integrating tissue sensing into spine surgical instruments allows intraoperative examination of tissue properties, providing surgeons with additional information to prevent screw misplacement.

Imaging Photoplethysmography (iPPG) in Head and Neck Reconstructive Surgery: A Novel Technique for Noninvasive Flap Perfusion Monitoring.

Background: Evaluate imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) as a novel noninvasive technique to assess flap perfusion in head and neck free flap reconstructive (FFR) surgeries.

Methods: Intraoperative iPPG was performed in 17 patients undergoing FFR surgery. Imaging consisted of a 30-s video from which perfusion maps were extracted, providing detailed information about blood flow and pulsatility in the flap microvasculature.

Safety and immunogenicity of the live-attenuated hRVFV-4s vaccine against Rift Valley fever in healthy adults: a dose-escalation, placebo-controlled, first-in-human, phase 1 randomised clinical trial.

Background: Rift Valley fever virus, a pathogen to ruminants, camelids, and humans, is an emerging mosquito-borne bunyavirus currently endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Although animals are primarily infected via mosquito bites, humans mainly become infected following contact with infected tissues or fluids of infected animals. There is an urgent need for adequate countermeasures, especially for humans, because effective therapeutics or vaccines are not yet available.

Coronary circulation enhances the aerobic performance of wild Pacific salmon.

Female Pacific salmon often experience higher mortality than males during their once-in-a-lifetime up-river spawning migration, particularly when exposed to secondary stressors (e.g. high temperatures).

Chinook salmon depth distributions on the continental shelf are shaped by interactions between location, season, and individual condition.

Background: Ecological and physical conditions vary with depth in aquatic ecosystems, resulting in gradients of habitat suitability. Although variation in vertical distributions among individuals provides evidence of habitat selection, it has been challenging to disentangle how processes at multiple spatio-temporal scales shape behaviour.

Methods: We collected thousands of observations of depth from acoustically tagged adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, spanning multiple seasons and years.