The effect of 9-cis-retinoic acid on proliferation and differentiation of a spermatogonia and retinoid receptor gene expression in the vitamin A-deficient mouse testis.

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are key regulators in retinoid signaling. Knowledge about the effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), the natural ligand for the RXRs, may also provide insight in the functions of RXRs. In this study, the effect of 9-cis-RA on spermatogenesis in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice was examined.