COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Induce Robust Levels of IgG but Limited Amounts of IgA Within the Oronasopharynx of Young Children.

Background: Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including mucosal IgA, could be of potential benefit to vaccine efficacy; however, limited evidence exists regarding the production of mucosal antibodies following the administration of current mRNA vaccines to young children.

Methods: We measured the levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from a cohort of children under 5 years of age (n = 24) undergoing SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (serially collected, matched serum and saliva samples) or in a convenience sample of children under 5 years of age presenting to pediatric emergency department (nasal swabs, n = 103).

Interventional solutions for post-surgical problems: a lymphatic leaks review.

The lymphatic circulation plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and supporting immune responses by returning serum proteins and lipids to the systemic circulation. Lymphatic leaks, though rare, pose significant challenges post-radical neck surgery, oesophagectomy, and thoracic or retroperitoneal oncological resections, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Managing lymphatic leaks necessitates consideration of aetiology, severity, and volume of leakage.

Bacterial Sphingolipids Exacerbate Colitis by Inhibiting ILC3-derived IL-22 Production.

Background & Aims: Gut bacterial sphingolipids, primarily produced by Bacteroidetes, have dual roles as bacterial virulence factors and regulators of the host mucosal immune system, including regulatory T cells and invariant natural killer T cells. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease display altered sphingolipids profiles in fecal samples. However, how bacterial sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and regulate intestinal inflammation remains unclear.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children.

Background: Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including mucosal IgA, could be of potential benefit to vaccine efficacy, yet limited evidence exists regarding the production of mucosal antibodies following the administration of current mRNA vaccines to young children.

Methods: We measured the levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from a cohort of children under 5 years of age undergoing SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (serially collected, matched serum and saliva samples, N=116) or on convenience samples of children under 5 years of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department (nasal swabs, N=103).