Quality of Life in Patients With Acquired Anophthalmia Using an Ocular Prosthesis.

Purpose: To employ a validated survey for evaluation of quality of life (QoL) outcomes and associated factors in a US cohort of adult patients with acquired anophthalmia wearing a prosthesis.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at a single, US academic institution of patients cared for between 2012 and 2021. The electronic medical record database was queried for adult patients with a history of evisceration or enucleation surgery and placement of an orbital implant.

Recombinant zoster vaccine and the risk of dementia.

Background: Herpes zoster is a potential risk factor for dementia. The effectiveness of the recombinant zoster vaccine for preventing dementia is uncertain.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used de-identified claims data from the Optum Labs Data Warehouse database from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, to determine whether the recombinant zoster vaccine is associated with a reduced risk of dementia.

Association between immunosuppressive medications and COVID-19 hospitalisation and death: a retrospective cohort study.

Importance: Immunocompromised status is a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Little is known about how systemic corticosteroid dose and concurrent use of immunosuppressants are associated with COVID-19 outcomes.

Objective: To assess the association between corticosteroid dose/duration and concurrent immunosuppressant use on COVID-19 hospitalisation and death in the era of COVID-19 vaccinations.

Understanding the Effectiveness of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions: A Counterfactual Simulation Approach to Generalizing the Outcomes of Intervention Trials.

Background: While water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions can reduce diarrheal disease, many large-scale trials have not found the expected health gains for young children in low-resource settings. Evidence-based guidance is needed to improve interventions and remove barriers to diarrheal disease reduction.

Objectives: We aimed to estimate how sensitive WASH intervention effectiveness was to underlying contextual and intervention factors in the WASH Benefits (WASH-B) Bangladesh cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Sensor-measured versus reported latrine use to characterize sanitation intervention uptake in a randomized controlled trial among households in rural Bangladesh.

Sanitation programs typically measure latrine access, which does not equate to use. We aimed to objectively measure latrine use with sensors among households enrolled in the sanitation and control groups of a randomized controlled trial (WASH Benefits) in Bangladesh. The intervention provided upgraded latrines and behavioral promotion.