Bacteria are a major determinant of Orsay virus transmission and infection in .

The microbiota is a key determinant of the physiology and immunity of animal hosts. The factors governing the transmissibility of viruses between susceptible hosts are incompletely understood. Bacteria serve as food for and represent an integral part of the natural environment of .

Bacteria Are a Major Determinant of Orsay Virus Transmission and Infection in .

The microbiota is a key determinant of the physiology and immunity of animal hosts. The factors governing the transmissibility of viruses between susceptible hosts are incompletely understood. Bacteria serve as food for and represent an integral part of the natural environment of We determined the effects of bacteria isolated with from its natural environment on the transmission of Orsay virus in using quantitative virus transmission and host susceptibility assays.

Is there an oxidative cost of acute stress? Characterization, implication of glucocorticoids and modulation by prior stress experience.

Acute rises in glucocorticoid hormones allow individuals to adaptively respond to environmental challenges but may also have negative consequences, including oxidative stress. While the effects of chronic glucocorticoid exposure on oxidative stress have been well characterized, those of acute stress or glucocorticoid exposure have mostly been overlooked. We examined the relationship between acute stress exposure, glucocorticoids and oxidative stress in Japanese quail ().

Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses.

Laboratory mouse studies are paramount for understanding basic biological phenomena but also have limitations. These include conflicting results caused by divergent microbiota and limited translational research value. To address both shortcomings, we transferred C57BL/6 embryos into wild mice, creating "wildlings.