Quantifying COVID-19 enforced global changes in atmospheric pollutants using cloud computing based remote sensing.

Global lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in the anthropogenic activities resulting in perceivable air quality improvements. Although several recent studies have analyzed these changes over different regions of the globe, these analyses have been constrained due to the usage of station based data which is mostly limited up to the metropolitan cities. Also the quantifiable changes have been reported only for the developed and developing regions leaving the poor economies (e.

Techniques of cervical pedicle screw insertion in lower cervical spine - A review.

Cervical pedicle screws (CPS) have been used for stabilization of lower cervical spine since its first description by Abumi et al., in 1994 but the usage has been limited due to the feared complications. Cadaveric studies have discouraged use of CPS in lower cervical spine due to high misplacement rates.

Acceptable errors with evaluation of 577 cervical pedicle screw placements.

Purpose: Cadaveric studies have discouraged the use of cervical pedicle screws (CPS) with high misplacement rates. However, the clinical results show minimal screw-related complications and have highlighted the advantages of using CPS. We introduce "acceptable errors classification" in the placement of cervical pedicle screws to bridge the gap between the high radiological perforation rates and low clinical complications.

Complication rate during multilevel lumbar fusion in patients above 60 years.

Background: Spine surgery in elderly with comorbidities is reported to have higher complication rates and increased cost. However, the surgical outcome is good irrespective of the complications. Hence, it is essential to identify the factors affecting the complication rates in such patients and the measures to reduce them.