Dorsomedial fracture dislocation of the tarsal navicular: A rare orthopaedic injury.

Dorsomedial fracture dislocations of the tarsal navicular are extremely rare injuries which commonly occur secondary to high energy, complex multidirectional forces involving an abduction force to a pronated and plantar-flexed foot. A 44-year-old female presented in the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident with a dorsomedial fracture dislocation of her navicular. Management required acute fusion of the talonavicular joint.

The popularity of outcome measures used in shoulder arthroplasty literature.

Introduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are frequently utilized within orthopaedics to determine the extent of patient disease and the efficacy of surgical treatments. Shoulder arthroplasty is a common treatment option for a range of pathologies; however, substantial variety exists regarding the instruments used within the published literature, limiting their quality and generalizability. The purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate the overall number and frequency of outcome measures used in all clinical studies evaluating outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty.

Propeptide of human protein C is necessary for gamma-carboxylation.

Protein C is one of a family of vitamin K dependent proteins, including blood coagulation factors and bone proteins, that contains gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs for these proteins has revealed the presence of a prepro leader sequence that contains a pre sequence or hydrophobic signal sequence and a propeptide containing a number of highly conserved amino acids. The pre region is removed from the growing polypeptide chain by signal peptidase, while the pro region is subsequently removed from the protein prior to secretion.