[Alcoholic mothers and their offspring].

The authors examined 75 mothers suffering from alcoholism with regard to risk factors for their progeny. When children had psychological pathology, the mothers' alcoholism was distinguished by greater severity of biological manifestations and relatively easier social sequelae. A peculiar nature of the alcoholism course, along with the alcohol doses taken by the mothers during pregnancy, determined the birth of children with the syndrome of alcoholic embryopathy.

[The operational aspect of thought in psychopathology. Analytic factors and classification of technics].

The identification of the parameters of analysis allowing a strictly definite assessment of the results of qualitative techniques of examination is essential for increasing the reliability and validity of these methods. The author presents an extensive classification of the analytic factors reflecting the operational side of thinking. The analysis is made on the basis of such parameters as abstraction standardization and adequacy.

[The pictogram. Problem of individual approach to interpreting the results].

A multifactor stage-by-stage system of interpreting the data of the "pictogram" test has been developed on the basis of analyzing the results obtained form 500 healthy probands, 150 schizophrenics, 70 patients with late sequels of craniocerebral injuries, and 50 patients with neuroses. The system enables one to use this method for examining some peculiarities of probands' personality. In this case the "projective" elements of the method combining to a certain extent the "pictogram" and Rorschach's test are realized.

[Clinical significance of "empty symbolism" in pictograms].

A study of the pictogramms in 500 normals, 150 schizophrenic, 50 neurotic and 70 patients with late sequelae of brain trauma allowed the following conclusion: "futile symbology" as some other disorders of thinking described in schizophrenia is not pathognomic for this disease. Not being symbology in the general sense of this word, "futile symbology" reflects a drop in motivation when accomplishing the tests, and a formal approach of the examinee to such testing.