Give us a hand, mate! A holistic review of research on human-machine teaming.

Defence has a significant interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies to address some of the challenges it faces. At the core of future military advantage will be the effective integration of humans and AI into human-machine teams (HMT) that leverages the capabilities of people and technologies to outperform adversaries. Realising the full potential of these technologies will depend on understanding the relative strengths of humans and machines, and how we design effective integration to optimise performance and resilience across all use cases and environments.

Practice Improves Performance of a 2D Uncertainty Integration Task Within and Across Visualizations.

Information uncertainty is ubiquitous in everyday life, including in domains as diverse as weather forecasts, investments, and health risks. Knowing how to interpret and integrate this uncertain information is vital for making good decisions, but this can be difficult for experts and novices alike. In this study, we examine whether brief, focused practice can improve people's ability to understand and integrate bivariate Gaussian uncertainty visualized via ensemble displays, summary displays, and distributional displays, and we examine whether this is influenced by the complexity of the displayed information.

Combining Neural and Behavioral Measures Enhances Adaptive Training.

Adaptive training adjusts a training task with the goal of improving learning outcomes. Adaptive training has been shown to improve human performance in attention, working memory capacity, and motor control tasks. Additionally, correlations have been observed between neural EEG spectral features (4-13 Hz) and the performance of some cognitive tasks.

Diverse predictors of early attrition in an elite Marine training school.

Reconnaissance Marine training is deliberately difficult, to assure that graduates have the capabilities required to function successfully in the high-risk military occupational specialty. The majority of training attrition is due to voluntary withdrawal and previous research has identified certain predictive factors such as demographics, mental status, and physical performance. While some characteristics of training attrition have been identified, there is still a lack of understanding related to an individual's profile that is more apt to complete Recon training.

Need for Cognition Is Positively Related to Promotion Focus and Negatively Related to Prevention Focus.

Need for cognition (NFC) and regulatory focus (RF) are important variables with individual differences relevant to motivation and goal pursuit. These constructs are widely used in the literature, often separately; no work has simultaneously examined the need for cognition scale (NCS) and Lockwood's general regulatory focus measure (GRFM). Here, we explore shared theoretical underpinnings of the two constructs and assess whether they may be driven by common underlying factors.