Effect of feeding on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the horse.

The effect of feeding frequency and associated meal size on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in seven horses was examined. A daily maintenance ration of hay-grain pellets was provided either as a multiple feeding regimen (MF), in which the ration was divided into six equal portions fed at 4-h intervals, or as a single large feeding (SF) given from 9 A.M.

Methodology devised for a program to improve efficiency and reduce risks for wheelchair locomotion.

The purpose of this paper is to present methodology specifically designed for objective study of problems associated with physiological stresses of manual wheelchair use. Excessive metabolic and cardiopulmonary stresses for everyday tasks could hinder rehabilitative efforts and be hazardous for certain patients. Sources of stress include: the relatively small musculature used for propulsion; architectural barriers; low levels of physical fitness; and inefficient wheelchair design.