Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic Activity of Orchids: A Review.

Thrombosis is the occlusion of a blood vessel and is responsible for the highest number of deaths worldwide. Its treatment comprises the use of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and thrombolytics. Although many antithrombotic drugs are currently available, none is completely effective and safe.

The modulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway impacts the localization of CD36 in macrophages.

CD36 is a type 2 cell surface scavenger receptor expressed in various tissues. In macrophages, CD36 recognizes oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which promotes the formation of foam cells, the first step toward an atherosclerotic arterial lesion. CD36 possesses a variety of posttranslational modifications, among them N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAc modification.

Antioxidant activity of glucosamine and its effects on ROS production, Nrf2, and O-GlcNAc expression in HMEC-1 cells.

Glucosamine (GlcN) is the most used supplement for osteoarthritis treatment. studies have related GlcN to beneficial and detrimental effects on health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAc) on GlcN-induced ROS production and Nrf2 expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells-1 (HMEC-1) and to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of GlcN compared to well-known antioxidants.

Rutin Prevents LTA Induced Oxidative Changes in H9c2 Cells.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a component of Gram-positive bacteria cell walls is involved in infective endocarditis (IE), a life-threatening disease. We evaluated for the first time, whether flavonoid rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) can block LTA-induced pro-inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and reduction of antioxidant enzymes. We found that rutin suppresses LTA effects on the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, preventing phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and the increase of ROS production induced by LTA.

Lipoteichoic acid reduces antioxidant enzymes in H9c2 cells.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an illness where the heart is invaded by bacteria, like and species that contain lipoteichoic acid (LTA) related to an essential role in this disease. This study is the first in evaluating antioxidant enzyme levels in embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9c2) induced by LTA from . LTA increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the levels of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and catalase (CAT) but did not affect glutathione content.