Gliotic Response and Reprogramming Potential of Human Müller Cell Line MIO-M1 Exposed to High Glucose and Glucose Fluctuations.

Retinal neurodegeneration (RN), an early marker of diabetic retinopathy (DR), is closely associated with Müller glia cells (MGs) in diabetic subjects. MGs play a pivotal role in maintaining retinal homeostasis, integrity, and metabolic support and respond to diabetic stress. In lower vertebrates, MGs have a strong regenerative response and can completely repair the retina after injuries.

A translocation-competent pore is required for to escape from the double membrane vacuole during intercellular spread.

Unlabelled: Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) enable bacterial virulence by translocating virulence proteins (effectors) into host cells. require T3SS to invade and to spread between cells in the colon. In order to spread, forms membrane protrusions that push into the adjacent host cell.

Vimentin regulates mitochondrial ROS production and inflammatory responses of neutrophils.

The intermediate filament vimentin is present in immune cells and is implicated in proinflammatory immune responses. Whether and how it supports antimicrobial activities of neutrophils are not well established. Here, we developed an immortalized neutrophil model to examine the requirement of vimentin.

Attitudes, weight stigma and misperceptions of weight loss strategies among patients living with obesity in the Lazio Region, Italy.

Introduction: Patient engagement is essential to achieve long-term goals in obesity management. It is crucial to identify patients' perspectives, misperceptions and unmet educational needs on obesity etiology and treatments, to establish a correct therapeutic alliance between healthcare providers and patients.

Methods: Objective: This study, promoted by the regional section of the Italian Obesity Society (SIO Lazio), explores attitudes towards obesity, self-awareness, misperceptions of weight loss strategies, experiences of weight stigma and educational needs of patients living with overweight or obesity.

Pushing boundaries: mechanisms enabling bacterial pathogens to spread between cells.

For multiple intracellular bacterial pathogens, the ability to spread directly into adjacent epithelial cells is an essential step for disease in humans. For pathogens such as , , , and , this intercellular movement frequently requires the pathogens to manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton and deform the plasma membrane into structures known as protrusions, which extend into neighboring cells. The protrusion is then typically resolved into a double-membrane vacuole (DMV) from which the pathogen quickly escapes into the cytosol, where additional rounds of intercellular spread occur.