Knock-out mutation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E2 (eIF4E2) confers resistance to pepper veinal mottle virus in tomato.

Translation initiation factors 4E (eIF4E) are the main source of resistance to potyvirus. We systematically assessed tomato single and double knock-out (KO) mutants of members of the eIF4E-coding gene family for resistance to Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), a major constraint to tomato production. We show that the KO mutant of eIF4E2 has partial resistance to PVMV isolate IC, with plants harboring weak symptoms and low virus loads at the systemic level.

Magnesium Isotope Variations to Trace Liming Input to Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Case Study in the Vosges Mountains.

Liming with Ca and Mg carbonates is commonly used to reduce soil and stream acidity and to improve vegetation growth and nutrition in forests. Ten years ago, dolomite lime was experimentally applied to a forest catchment on granite in the Vosges Mountains (northeast France), which is characterized by acid soils and drained by an acid stream. The average Mg isotope composition of the dolomite lime (-1.

First Report of Southern Blight of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Côte d'Ivoire.

Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. was observed on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cv. Clemson Spineless in January 2010 during a survey of vegetable fields in Rubbino, Côte d'Ivoire, which is one of the most important areas for vegetable production.