Definitive human and mouse hematopoiesis originates from the embryonic endothelium: a new class of HSCs based on VE-cadherin expression.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise first in the third week of human ontogeny inside yolk sac developing blood vessels, and independently, from the wall of the embryonic aorta and vitelline arteries one week later. HSCs produced in the yolk sac and in the embryonic truncal arteries migrate to and transiently colonize the embryonic liver (EL), and thereafter the bone marrow (BM), their permanent site of residence. At the moment, the origin of human HSCs is still controversial; one of the main hypotheses being that they are generated by hemogenic endothelial cells (ECs).

Intraspecific variability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus scorpion venom.

We evaluated the degree of venom toxicity and protein content of several specimens of Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus. The quantity of protein of individual venom obtained after manual extraction from 31 different scorpions varied from a minimum of 0.15 mg to a maximum of 1.

[Clinical evolution and circulating venom levels in scorpion envenomations in Morocco].

We conducted a clinical and biological study in Morocco in order to assess the efficacy of antivenom therapy against scorpion stings. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected in 275 patients envenomed by Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus scorpions. Patients received antivenom or symptomatic drugs.

Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco.

A clinical and biologic study was conducted in Morocco to assess the efficiency of antivenom therapy for treating victims of scorpion stings. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from 275 patients envenomed by Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus scorpions. Patients received antivenom or other drugs.

Mrp1 multidrug resistance-associated protein and P-glycoprotein expression in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells.

Two membrane glycoproteins acting as energy-dependent efflux pumps, mdr-encoded P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the more recently described multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), are known to confer cellular resistance to many cytotoxic hydrophobic drugs. In the brain, P-gp has been shown to be expressed specifically in the capillary endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier, but localization of MRP has not been well characterized yet. Using RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, we have compared the expression of P-gp and Mrp1 in homogenates, isolated capillaries, primary cultured endothelial cells, and RBE4 immortalized endothelial cells from rat brain.