State of the art of coronary computed tomography angiography.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to evaluate contrast media (CM) bolus geometry and opacification patterns in the coronary arteries with particular focus on patient, scanner and safety considerations during coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Key Findings: The rapid evolution of computed tomography (CT) technology has seen this imaging modality challenge conventional coronary angiography in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Increases in spatial and temporal resolutions have enabled CCTA to become the modality of choice when evaluating the coronary vascular tree as an alternative in the diagnostic algorithm for acute chest pain.

Synchronisation between contrast media administration and caudocranial scan direction increases visualisation of altered coronary artery blood flow in patients presenting with dual left anterior descending coronary artery.

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has the advantage over invasive coronary angiography in that its non-invasive nature and minimal risk on patients. CCTA enables accurate assessment of the entire heart, coronary artery system and thorax, displaying three-dimensional information about the spatial relations of the anomalous vessels and surrounding intraluminal and extraluminal anatomy, and thereby contributing clinically important prognostic information. Dual left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery consists of of two LAD arteries within the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS).

Drug resistant tuberculosis in a large southern California hospital.

Rates of in vitro resistance to antituberculous drugs were examined for all patients hospitalized with active tuberculosis between January 1969 and December 1972, and between March 1975 and September 1976. During the former period, in 31.5 per cent of patients, tuberculosis was resistant to one or more drugs, and in 12.