Blood loss and contributing factors in femoral fracture surgery.

Background: Substantial blood losses frequently accompany orthopedic procedures.

Methods: We prospectively noted peri-operative hemoglobin changes in 93 patients undergoing surgery for femoral fracture with an aim of establishing blood loss and related factors.

Results: The mean total blood loss assessed 72 hours after the surgical procedure was 3.

Validation of an ultrasound scanner for determing urinary volumes in surgical patients and volunteers.

Objective: As bladder distension related to anaesthesia puts patients at risk for permanent dysfunction, peri-operative determination of bladder volume is of great importance. The aim of this study is to validate an ultrasonic imaging device for determing bladder urine volume.

Method: To evaluate a broad volume range, ultrasonically scanned volumes were compared to true urinary volumes both in surgical patients and in volunteers.