Monomicrobial Gram-Negative Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Lower Extremity.

Unlike other skin and soft tissue infections, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. It is usually caused by polymicrobial infections or monomicrobial gram-positive organisms, mainly and . Monomicrobial gram-negative () NF is a rare form of NF, primarily reported in patients with underlying comorbidities or immunocompromised states.

Highly attenuated smallpox vaccine protects rabbits and mice against pathogenic orthopoxvirus challenge.

The possible reemergence of smallpox through bioterrorism requires the preparation of adequate stockpiles of vaccine. Dryvax, the only US-licensed vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine, has an unacceptable safety profile in the pre-event setting. LC16m8 is a Japanese-licensed attenuated vaccinia virus strain that has been safely used in over 50,000 persons.

Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection and transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T cells.

Topical antimicrobicides hold great promise in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Amphibian skin provides a rich source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides including some that have antiviral activity. We tested 14 peptides derived from diverse amphibian species for the capacity to inhibit HIV infection.

Utilization of sialic acid as a coreceptor is required for reovirus-induced biliary disease.

Infection of neonatal mice with some reovirus strains produces a disease similar to infantile biliary atresia, but previous attempts to correlate reovirus infection with this disease have yielded conflicting results. We used isogenic reovirus strains T3SA- and T3SA+, which differ solely in the capacity to bind sialic acid as a coreceptor, to define the role of sialic acid in reovirus encephalitis and biliary tract infection in mice. Growth in the intestine was equivalent for both strains following peroral inoculation.