Aortic regurgitation is associated with African American and Asian race, smoking, renal disease, and numerous autoimmune diseases in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors but has lower risk with alcohol intake.

Background: Aortic regurgitation (AR) is associated with increasing age, rheumatic heart disease, and a bicuspid aortic valve, but its association with other comorbidities and race is less known. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between AR and comorbid conditions in older adults above 40.

Method: The large Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was utilized for our study using uni- and multivariate analysis.

Independent association of aortic stenosis with many known cardiovascular risk factors and many inflammatory diseases.

Background: Aortic valve stenosis is associated with age, rheumatic fever and bicuspid aortic valve, but its association with other co-morbidities, such as inflammatory disease and race/ethnicity, is less known.

Aim: To investigate any association between aortic stenosis and many co-morbidities.

Methods: We used the large Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to evaluate any association between aortic stenosis and risk factors.

Focal versus craniospinal radiation for disseminated atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor following favorable response to systemic therapy.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is associated with improved survival in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT); however, optimal RT delivery is unknown. A meta-analysis was conducted for disseminated (M+) ATRT receiving focal or craniospinal radiation (CSI).

Methods: After abstract screening, 25 studies (1995-2020) contained necessary patient, disease, and radiation treatment information (N = 96).

Sequential order spatial memory in male rats: Characteristics and impact of medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus disruption.

Remembering an experience entails linking what happened, where the event transpired, and when it occurred. Most rodent hippocampal studies involve tests of spatial memory, but fewer investigate temporal and sequential order memory. Here we provide a demonstration of rats learning an aversive sequential order task using a radial arm water maze.