Microcin J25 triggers cytochrome c release through irreversible damage of mitochondrial proteins and lipids.

We previously showed that the antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 induced the over-production of reactive oxygen species with the concomitant release of cytochrome c from rat heart mitochondria via the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Here, we were able to demonstrate that indeed, as a consequence of the oxidative burst, MccJ25 induces carbonylation of mitochondrial proteins, which may explain the irreversible inhibition of complex III and the partial inhibition of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, the peptide raised the levels of oxidized membrane lipids, which triggers the release of cytochrome c.

Proton motive force dissipation precludes interaction of microcin J25 with RNA polymerase, but enhances reactive oxygen species overproduction.

Background: Microcin J25 targets the RNA polymerase as well as bacterial membranes. Because there is scarce information on the relationship between the uptake and the activity, a fluorescent microcin J25-derivative was used to further characterize its mechanism of action.

Methods: MccJ25 I13K was labeled with FITC and its uptake by sensitive cells was assessed by fluorescence measurements from supernatants of MccJ25-Escherichia coli suspensions.

Role of electrostatics on membrane binding, aggregation and destabilization induced by NAD(P)H dehydrogenases. Implication in membrane fusion.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is considered a classical glycolytic protein that can promote the fusion of phospholipid vesicles and can also play a vital role on in vivo fusogenic events. However, it is not clear how this redox enzyme, which lack conserved structural or sequence motifs related to membrane fusion, catalyze this process. In order to detect if this ability is present in other NAD(P)H dehydrogenases with available structure, spectroscopic studies were performed to evaluate the capability of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) to bind, aggregate, destabilize and fuse vesicles.

Microcin J25 induces the opening of the mitochondrial transition pore and cytochrome c release through superoxide generation.

Microcin J25, an antimicrobial lasso-structure peptide, induces the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores and the subsequent loss of cytochrome c. The microcin J25 effect is mediated by the stimulation of superoxide anion overproduction. An increased uptake of calcium is also involved in this process.

Microcin J25 has dual and independent mechanisms of action in Escherichia coli: RNA polymerase inhibition and increased superoxide production.

Microcin J25 (MccJ25) uptake by Escherichia coli requires the outer membrane receptor FhuA and the inner membrane proteins TonB, ExbD, ExbB, and SbmA. MccJ25 appears to have two intracellular targets: (i) RNA polymerase (RNAP), which has been described in E. coli and Salmonella enterica serovars, and (ii) the respiratory chain, reported only in S.