Expression-Based Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Drug Development for Breast Cancer.

There is currently no gene expression assay that can assess if premalignant lesions will develop into invasive breast cancer. This study sought to identify biomarkers for selecting patients with a high potential for developing invasive carcinoma in the breast with normal histology, benign lesions, or premalignant lesions. A set of 26-gene mRNA expression profiles were used to identify invasive ductal carcinomas from histologically normal tissue and benign lesions and to select those with a higher potential for future cancer development (ADHC) in the breast associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH).

The Value Proposition for Pathologists: A Population Health Approach.

The transition to a value-based payment system offers pathologists the opportunity to play an increased role in population health by improving outcomes and safety as well as reducing costs. Although laboratory testing itself accounts for a small portion of health-care spending, laboratory data have significant downstream effects in patient management as well as diagnosis. Pathologists currently are heavily engaged in precision medicine, use of laboratory and pathology test results (including autopsy data) to reduce diagnostic errors, and play leading roles in diagnostic management teams.

Benchmarking Subspecialty Practice in Academic Anatomic Pathology: The 2017 Association of Pathology Chairs Survey.

Assessment of physician workloads has become increasingly important in modern academic physician practice, where it is commonly used to allocate resources among departments, to determine staffing, and to set the compensation of individual physicians. The physician work relative value unit system is a frequently used metric in this regard. However, the application of this system to the practice of pathology has proven problematic.

Similar and Differential Canonical Pathways and Biological Processes Associated With Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Asbestos-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis: A 1-Year Postexposure Study.

Respiratory exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or asbestos results in fibrosis; however, the mechanisms to reach this end point may be different. A previous study by our group identified pulmonary effects and significantly altered messenger RNA (mRNA) signaling pathways following exposure to 1, 10, 40, and 80 µg MWCNT and 120 µg crocidolite asbestos on mouse lungs over time at 1-month, 6-month, and 1-year postexposure following pulmonary aspiration. As a continuation to the above study, this current study took an in-depth look at the signaling pathways involved in fibrosis development at a single time point, 1 year, and exposure, 40 µg MWCNT, the lowest exposure at which fibrosis was pathologically evident.

The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Context: - Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPC), particularly those cancers developing in tonsillar tissue.

Objectives: - To review the prevalence, subtypes, and methods of detecting HPV in OPC and to review the epidemiology, histology, staging, management, and prevention of these cancers.

Data Sources: - The study comprised a review of the literature.