Nutrient management offsets the effect of deoxygenation and warming on nitrous oxide emissions in a large US estuary.

Many estuaries experience eutrophication, deoxygenation and warming, with potential impacts on greenhouse gas emissions. However, the response of NO production to these changes is poorly constrained. Here we applied nitrogen isotope tracer incubations to measure NO production under experimentally manipulated changes in oxygen and temperature in the Chesapeake Bay-the largest estuary in the United States.

Expression of hyperconjugative stereoelectronic interactions in borazines.

This paper discusses hyperconjugative stereoelectronic effects in borazines. A series of alkyl-substituted borazines were synthesized and analysed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Supported by NBO analyses, the significant decreases in coupling constant for the CH groups adjacent to the boron atoms are consistent with the presence of and interactions.

Assessing the chemical interactions and biological effects of a petrochemical and bio-based plastic with a common plastic flame retardant and solvent.

Microplastic pollution remains a persistent environmental challenge for aquatic environments. Yet, health impact assessments of microplastics focus largely on the polymers themselves. It is important to understand the chemical behaviour and biological effects of both plastics and chemicals associated with their production, such as additives and solvents.

Harvest of Vestibular End-Organs under Physiologic Conditions during Labyrinthectomy.

The living human inner ear is challenging to study because it is encased within dense otic capsule bone that limits access to biological tissue. Traditional temporal bone histopathology methods rely on lengthy, expensive decalcification protocols that take 9-10 months and reduce the types of tissue analysis possible due to RNA degradation. There is a critical need to develop methods to access fresh human inner ear tissue to better understand otologic diseases, such as Ménière's disease, at the cellular and molecular level.

Undernutrition and antibody response to measles, tetanus and Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in pre-school south African children: The VHEMBE birth cohort study.

Background: Under-vaccination is undoubtedly driving recent worldwide measles outbreaks, but undernutrition may also be playing a role in low- and middle-income countries. Studies have shown reduced immune response to vaccines in undernourished children but few have followed children beyond infancy, when they are more likely to be exposed to infectious diseases.

Methods: In the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and the Environment (VHEMBE) South African birth cohort study, we examined the relationship between undernutrition, as measured by stunting and other growth measures, and vaccine-specific serum antibody level to three different vaccine types: measles, tetanus and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).