Zika virus and pregnancy: An overview.

In May 2015, the first episodes of Zika virus infection of the Latin America were confirmed in Brazil, where currently 196 976 cases were reported. The main route of transmission occurs by Aedes mosquitoes, and the most common symptoms are maculopapular rash, fever, conjunctivitis, polyarthralgia, and periarticular edema. However, the infection is asymptomatic in 80% of the cases.

Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly occurrence: a review of literature and Brazilian data.

In November of 2015, the Ministry of Health of Brazil published an announcement confirming the relationship between Zika virus and the microcephaly outbreak in the Northeast, suggesting that infected pregnant women might have transmitted the virus to their fetuses. The objectives of this study were to conduct a literature review about Zika virus infection and microcephaly, evaluate national and international epidemiological data, as well as the current recommendations for the health teams. Zika virus is an arbovirus, whose main vector is the Aedes sp.

[Cervical Pap smear in an epidemiologically exposed population: ideas, facts and arguments].

Objectives: To analyse the prevalence of abnormal papsmears in a primary care center and the screening practices.

Materials And Methods: Single-center retrospective study on 1,430 FCU performed in 1,251 patients between January 2009 and December 2011 with analysis of demographic, clinical and epidemiological chararacteristics of the women, and the monitoring of the patients with pathological papsmears.

Results: The study population was predominantly young (under 25), unmarried, nulliparous, and using contraception.

Feasibility and reproducibility of an image-scoring method for quality control of fetal biometry in the second trimester.

Objectives: The need for training programs and certification processes in fetal ultrasound has become obvious. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a score-based quality control system for fetal biometry in the second trimester.

Methods: Standard measurements of biparietal diameter and head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length at 20-24 weeks had been made by four operators using the same ultrasound machine.

Silicon device scaling to the sub-10-nm regime.

In the next decade, advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor fabrication will lead to devices with gate lengths (the region in the device that switches the current flow on and off) below 10 nanometers (nm), as compared with current gate lengths in chips that are now about 50 nm. However, conventional scaling will no longer be sufficient to continue device performance by creating smaller transistors. Alternatives that are being pursued include new device geometries such as ultrathin channel structures to control capacitive losses and multiple gates to better control leakage pathways.