Low-dose dimethylfumarate attenuates colitis-associated cancer in mice through M2 macrophage polarization and blocking oxidative stress.

Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is an aggressive subtype of colorectal cancer that can develop in ulcerative colitis patients and is driven by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Current chemotherapy for CAC, based on 5-fluorouracil and oxalipltin, is not fully effective and displays severe side effects, prompting the search for alternative therapies. Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an activator of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), is a potent antioxidant and immunomodelatrory drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect on experimental colitis.

Long-term 1,2-dimethylhydrazine triggers pathological remodeling of colon mucosa through repression of sestrin2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, and sirtuin4 stimulating mitochondrial stress and metabolic reprogramming.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a plant toxicant that enters the food web through the diet. It is biotransformed into azoxymethane, a colon carcinogen, during the first hepatic passage. In mice, this study assessed the role of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), a key glutaminolysis enzyme in DMH-induced colorectal cancer (CRC).

Melatonin alleviates sepsis-induced heart injury through activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Melatonin improved the outcome of septic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting NLRP3 priming induced by reactive oxygen species. To get insights into these events, we studied the melatonin/Nrf2 antioxidant pathways during sepsis in the heart of NLRP3-deficient mice. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture and melatonin was given at a dose of 30 mg/kg.

Differential mutational profiles of familial Mediterranean fever in North Africa.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessive autoinflammatory disease, mainly occurring in the eastern Mediterranean. In these populations, the five FMF founder mutations are differently distributed. In Algeria, the FMF-causing variants remain poorly explored.