Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Assessing Effect of E-Cigarettes on Cigarette Initiation among Adolescent Never-Smokers.

Unlabelled: Prospective longitudinal studies mainly conclude on a causal role of e-cigarettes in the initiation of cigarettes in flagrant contradiction with conclusions drawn from epidemiology and other studies showing a sharp decline in cigarette use in parallel with the spread of e-cigarette use. This systematic review explores the reasons for this discrepancy.

Methods: Among 84 publications on e-cigarette/cigarette association in adolescents identified in the Medline database from 2011 to 2022, 23 concern 22 never-smoker longitudinal sub-cohorts.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes on skeletal muscle cellular metabolism.

Objective: SGLT2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes; the underlying mechanism may be metabolic adaptations due to urinary glucose loss. Here, we investigated the cellular and molecular effects of 5 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment on skeletal muscle metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: Twenty-six type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were randomized to a 5-week double-blind, cross-over study with 6-8-week wash-out.

What differentiates youths who use e-cigarettes from those who smoke traditional tobacco products?

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has spread among adolescents in many countries, however users' characteristics are not well known. We aimed to compare characteristics of exclusive e-cigarette users to those of exclusive tobacco users and dual users.

Methods: Data come from a representative sample of 11-19 years old students in Paris, surveyed each year between 2013 and 2017.

Nicotine patches in patients on mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.

Purpose: Epidemiologic studies have documented lower rates of active smokers compared to former or non-smokers in symptomatic patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the efficacy and safety of nicotine administered by a transdermal patch in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: In this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 18 intensive care units in France, we randomly assigned adult patients (non-smokers, non-vapers or who had quit smoking/vaping for at least 12 months) with proven COVID-19 pneumonia receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for up to 72 h to receive transdermal patches containing either nicotine at a daily dose of 14 mg or placebo until 48 h following successful weaning from mechanical ventilation or for a maximum of 30 days, followed by 3-week dose tapering by 3.